What is Gestational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy and impacts how the body processes glucose, the main source of energy. During pregnancy, the body demands more insulin, and if the pancreas cannot produce enough, blood sugar levels rise, leading to gestational diabetes. Thankfully, it usually resolves after pregnancy but requires attention to avoid potential complications.
Potential Complications for Mother and Baby:
- Large Baby Size (Macrosomia): Babies may grow excessively large (over 9 pounds or about 4 kg), potentially complicating delivery or causing injury to mother and child.
- Low Blood Sugar in Babies: Newborns can experience low blood sugar levels, necessitating medical care.
- Preeclampsia: The condition, characterized by high blood pressure, can pose risks to both the mother and baby.
Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes:
- Previous gestational diabetes
- Overweight or obesity
- Family history of diabetes
- Age (over 25, with increased risk after 40)
- Certain ethnic backgrounds: Hispanic, African American, Native American, South/East Asian, or Pacific Islander
Diagnosis and Management
Screening typically occurs between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy. Managing the condition includes:
- Diet: Limit sugars, reduce fats, and prioritize whole grains and lean protein.
- Exercise: Physical activity helps control blood sugar and weight.
- Medication: Insulin or other medications may be required if lifestyle adjustments aren’t enough.
Postpartum Care
While blood sugar levels generally normalize after birth, gestational diabetes increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later. Regular screenings and blood sugar monitoring are essential for long-term health.
